We've all felt angry at one point in our lives. When most of us do, we generally want to hurt or destroy someone or something. Why is that?
Usually, we fell angry because we feel that we have been demoted or made to look bad in someway, or when we believe that another person is taking advantage of us. Anger is triggered inside us to instigate a response. If someone didn't have any emotion, then he wouldn't respond to insults, defeats etc. This would result in that person being "lowered" in society and then wouldn't have as great of a chance to survive or do well in society.
As humans, we value bravery and under certain conditions, revenge. When someone get their property, people expect him to fight to get it back, not sit around and mope. Anger enables us to go out and restore our place in the world.
But the big question is, why destroy things in anger when it doesn't do anyone any good? I think to find the answer to this, we have to look back to pre-homo sapien days.
If an animal feels threatened, it will try to make itself look bigger and tougher to ward of the threat. This can be done in many different ways such as opening body parts to look bigger or make a very loud noise. Breaking stuff could be our way of warning others to say away. When we break a vase or thump the wall in anger, we are saying, "I'm a very dangerous person capable of violence. You better undo the wrong you've done or else....." Of course most of us are able to control the impulse to break stuff because we know it will get us into even more trouble. Thumping the table or the wall is a much more common thing to do because first of all, it doesn't destroy anything, and secondly, is almost as effective because it makes a loud sound and involves the violent act of punching or slapping.
These types of acts, promoted by anger, are supposed to instill fear into those who harm us and tries to ensure that they don't happen again.